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Fluoroaniline · CAS 371-40-4

Para Fluoro Aniline

C6H6FN Molar mass 111.12 g/mol

The highest-volume fluoroaniline isomer, supplied by Chelora Chemicals as a building block for fluorinated active pharmaceutical ingredients and agrochemicals — exported from Indonesia with full batch documentation and end-use screening.

Identification Sheet REP.
IUPAC name4-Fluoroaniline
CAS number371-40-4
EC / EINECS number206-735-5
Molecular formulaC₆H₆FN
Molar mass111.12 g/mol
AppearanceColourless to light yellow oily liquid
Common synonyms4-Fluoroaniline, p-fluoroaniline
Melting Point−1.9 °Cliquid at ambient
Boiling Point187 – 188 °Cat 1 atm
Density1.1725 g/cm³at 20 °C
Flash Point73 °Cclosed cup
Log P (o/w)1.15experimental value
Purity Offered99% / 99.5%+technical & high-purity
01 / PRODUCT DOSSIER

What Para Fluoro Aniline is, and why buyers source it

A working overview of the compound's chemistry, its place in the aniline-derivative family, and the grades Chelora Chemicals keeps in regular supply.

Para Fluoro Aniline places its fluorine directly opposite the amino group, and that position is the reason the compound is everywhere in modern medicinal chemistry. The para site is where an aromatic ring is most readily hydroxylated in the body; capping it with fluorine blocks that metabolic pathway while adding almost no steric bulk, so a drug candidate gains metabolic stability without changing shape. The same substitution lowers the ring's electron density and the amine's basicity in a predictable way.

It is an oily liquid at ambient temperature, freezing just below 0 °C at −1.9 °C, colourless to light yellow or gold when fresh and darkening to amber or red-brown with air and light exposure. It is noticeably more water-soluble than the chlorinated anilines at around 33 g/L at 20 °C, and its closed-cup flash point of 73 °C, while higher than the ortho isomer, is still low enough to warrant ignition-source control. Note that combustion products include hydrogen fluoride.

Where it fits in the synthesis chain

Para Fluoro Aniline has the best-documented downstream chain of the fluoroanilines. It is the starting material for the fluoroquinolone antibacterial flumequine, condensed with crotonaldehyde to 6-fluoroquinaldine and carried through cyclisation to the finished ring system. The 4-fluorophenyl groups of the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe derive from the same chemistry, and the compound is a recognised reference impurity for that product. It also builds the fungicide fluoroimide — now obsolete and not approved in the EU or Great Britain — and serves as a ligand precursor for α-diimine catalysts used in ethylene polymerisation.

Grades we supply

Chelora Chemicals offers Para Fluoro Aniline in technical grade (99%) and high-purity grade (99.5%+), both with a batch-wise certificate of analysis. Because this material is an API building block, buyers frequently specify individual impurity limits rather than a bulk assay alone; state yours at the enquiry stage. Orders for this grade are subject to end-use screening, as explained below.

02 / MANUFACTURING ROUTE

How Para Fluoro Aniline is made

An overview of the production route for orientation purposes. Our manufacturing partners' own process parameters and in-process controls are proprietary and are not disclosed beyond what is needed to interpret the certificate of analysis.

Para Fluoro Aniline is made by catalytic hydrogenation of 4-fluoronitrobenzene, over palladium on carbon or Raney nickel, in methanol or ethyl acetate at moderate pressure. The process detail that matters is feed control: holding the nitro compound at a low concentration in the liquid phase throughout the run — in the hundreds of parts per million rather than percent — suppresses the azo and azoxy by-products that form when nitro and partially reduced intermediates accumulate together.

The fluorine itself is installed one step earlier by halogen exchange on 4-chloronitrobenzene: potassium fluoride in anhydrous DMSO at around 170–175 °C with a phase-transfer catalyst added incrementally, giving 4-fluoronitrobenzene in roughly 88–90% yield. The para nitro group activates the ring towards nucleophilic displacement of chloride by fluoride, and it is precisely this activation that makes the para isomer the cheapest and most available of the fluoroanilines.

The Balz–Schiemann route, diazotizing the parent aniline with sodium nitrite and fluoroboric acid and thermally decomposing the tetrafluoroborate salt, remains the classical alternative where Halex activation is unavailable.

End-use screening on this grade

Para Fluoro Aniline appears in the synthesis of parafluorofentanyl, a controlled fentanyl analogue. We therefore run end-use checks on orders for this product as a matter of policy, and may ask about the intended application and end customer before confirming. This is a compliance process applied to every enquiry rather than a judgement about any particular one, and it is the reason our quotation for this grade may take a little longer than for the rest of the range.

03 / APPLICATIONS

Industries and processes that use it

Para Fluoro Aniline is consumed almost entirely as a synthesis intermediate. The four fields below account for most of the demand we see through our export desk.

Field 01

Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials

The documented starting material for flumequine, condensed with crotonaldehyde to 6-fluoroquinaldine and carried through to the finished ring system.

Field 02

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

The source of the 4-fluorophenyl groups in ezetimibe chemistry, and a general medicinal-chemistry building block where para-fluorination blocks metabolic hydroxylation.

Field 03

Agrochemicals

An intermediate for herbicides and plant growth regulators, and historically for the fungicide fluoroimide — now obsolete and not approved in the EU or Great Britain.

Field 04

Catalysis & Analysis

A ligand precursor for α-diimine catalysts used in ethylene polymerisation, and an analytical reagent in enzymic glucose detection.

04 / REACTION CHEMISTRY

How the molecule is typically carried forward

The amine is the reactive handle and the para fluorine is a spectator through most of the chemistry — which is exactly its value. It survives the ring-building steps below and arrives in the finished molecule where it is needed.

Skraup / Doebner–Miller Cyclisation

Condensation with crotonaldehyde and ring closure gives 6-fluoroquinaldine, the first intermediate on the documented flumequine route.

Malonate Condensation and Cyclisation

Condensation with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate followed by polyphosphoric-acid cyclisation builds the fluoroquinolone ring system.

Acylation

Reaction with an acid chloride or anhydride gives the 4-fluoroanilide, a recurring step in agrochemical and pharmaceutical scaffolds.

Imine and Diimine Formation

Condensation with diketones builds the α-diimine ligands used in late-transition-metal polymerisation catalysts.

Maleimide Formation

Condensation with dichloromaleic anhydride gives the N-(4-fluorophenyl)maleimide structure of the historical fungicide fluoroimide.

05 / FAMILY COMPARISON

Para Fluoro Aniline against its near relatives

Fluorine is the smallest substituent that meaningfully changes an aromatic amine's electronics, and position decides what it is good for. The table below sets out the two fluoroanilines we supply alongside their chlorinated counterparts.

ProductCAS NumberTypically Used InNotes
Para Fluoro Aniline371-40-4Flumequine, fluorinated APIs, agrochemical intermediatesThe product on this page — the highest-volume fluoroaniline.
Ortho Fluoro Aniline348-54-9Fused heterocycles, fluorinated pharma and agro intermediatesLower volume and higher price — see its product page.
Para Chloroaniline106-47-8Chlorhexidine, phenylurea and benzoylurea activesThe chlorinated counterpart — solid, and a Category 1B carcinogen in the EU.
Ortho Chloroaniline95-51-2Sulfonylurea herbicides, azo dyes, MOCALiquid chloroaniline, freezes near 0 °C.

Exact physical constants and purity specifications are confirmed per batch on the certificate of analysis — treat the notes above as a sourcing guide rather than a specification sheet.

06 / HAZARD & HANDLING

Safety classification at a glance

Based on GHS classification as commonly listed for this substance. This is a summary for orientation only — always work from the current safety data sheet supplied with your specific batch.

H302

Harmful if swallowed.

H312

Harmful in contact with skin.

H332

Harmful if inhaled.

H314

Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

H317

May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H372

Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H410

Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

Signal word

Danger — GHS05 corrosive, GHS07 harmful, GHS08 health hazard and GHS09 environment pictograms apply.

This substance has no harmonised entry in Annex VI to CLP; the classification above reflects supplier self-classification under CLP Article 4(3) and aggregates several notifications, which is why both corrosive and irritant skin endpoints circulate in the market. The Japanese national GHS classification is more lenient, treating the acute oral endpoint as Category 4 and the eye endpoint as Category 2A, and records carcinogenicity and germ-cell mutagenicity as not classifiable for want of data — which is an absence of evidence rather than evidence of absence. No carcinogen or mutagen classification applies from any source and the substance has not been evaluated by IARC. In fire, combustion produces hydrogen fluoride and nitrogen oxides. Transport is UN 2941, Class 6.1, Packing Group III.

07 / STORAGE & SHELF LIFE

Keeping it on spec between delivery and use

General storage guidance for this grade. Site-specific storage rules, segregation requirements and re-test intervals should follow your own EHS procedures and the MSDS issued with your batch.

Storage TemperatureCool, below 30 °C, away from ignition
ContainerSealed lined drum, inert headspace
Typical Shelf Life24 months, unopened
Keep Away FromIgnition sources, oxidizers, strong acids, light
Flash Point73 °C — closed cup

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources, protected from light, in tightly closed original containers segregated from oxidizers and strong acids. This material is air-sensitive: it darkens progressively from colourless or light yellow through amber to red-brown, and storage under an inert headspace is recommended where colour matters to the downstream process. That darkening is not in itself an indicator of impurity, so assess the material on its certificate of analysis rather than its appearance. Fire planning should account for hydrogen fluoride among the combustion products.

08 / PACKING & EXPORT

How it ships from Indonesia

Standard packing and export terms for this product. Confirm exact figures against your order — they vary slightly by destination and quantity.

Standard Packing220 kg drums
Bulk PackingIBC / ISO tank
Min. OrderFrom 1 drum
Lead Time2 – 4 weeks
Export TermsFOB · CFR · CIF
09 / QUALITY & DOCUMENTATION

What travels with every batch

Specification is agreed before the purchase order, not discovered on arrival. Every shipment of Para Fluoro Aniline leaves with a documented, checkable paper trail.

Doc 01

Certificate of Analysis

Batch-wise assay (by GC), isomer purity, melting point range and moisture, issued against the agreed specification so your QC team can check it, not just file it.

Doc 02

Safety Data Sheet

GHS-format SDS in English covering hazard classification, handling, storage, first-aid and spill response for the exact grade shipped.

Doc 03

Technical Data Sheet

Reference physical and chemical properties, recommended storage and typical applications, for internal circulation to your process or R&D teams.

Doc 04

Certificate of Origin

Confirms Indonesian origin for customs clearance and any preferential-duty claim at your destination port.

Doc 05

Dangerous Goods Declaration

UN packing group, classification and shipper's declaration prepared ahead of loading so documentation never holds up customs.

Doc 06

Third-Party Inspection

Independent pre-shipment inspection and re-sampling can be arranged on request, at your cost, for buyers who require it as a matter of policy.

10 / FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What buyers most often ask our sales desk about this grade.

01What is Para Fluoro Aniline used for?+
It is a building block for fluorinated active pharmaceutical ingredients and agrochemicals. Its documented outlets include the fluoroquinolone antibacterial flumequine, the 4-fluorophenyl groups in ezetimibe chemistry, herbicide and plant growth regulator intermediates, the historical fungicide fluoroimide, and α-diimine ligands for ethylene polymerisation catalysts.
02What is the CAS number of Para Fluoro Aniline?+
Its CAS Registry Number is 371-40-4, with EC number 206-735-5, molecular formula C₆H₆FN and a molar mass of 111.12 g/mol.
03What purity grades does Chelora Chemicals supply?+
We supply technical grade and high-purity grade — the exact figures are shown in the specification rail at the top of this page. Each batch ships with a certificate of analysis stating assay, isomer purity and moisture against the agreed specification.
04Is Para Fluoro Aniline hazardous?+
Yes. It carries the GHS signal word Danger with the hazard statements listed in the hazard section of this page. It should be handled with appropriate PPE and in line with the safety data sheet supplied with each shipment.
05Why is the para isomer cheaper and more available than the ortho?+
Because of how the fluorine is installed. The industrial route runs halogen exchange on 4-chloronitrobenzene, and the para nitro group activates the ring towards nucleophilic displacement of chloride by fluoride very effectively — around 88–90% yield in anhydrous DMSO with a phase-transfer catalyst. That activation, plus the scale of the chloronitrobenzene stream it draws on, makes the para isomer the cheapest and most available of the fluoroanilines.
06Why do you ask about end use for this product?+
Para Fluoro Aniline appears in the synthesis of parafluorofentanyl, a controlled fentanyl analogue. We run end-use checks on every order for this grade as a matter of policy, which may mean asking about the intended application and end customer before we confirm. It applies to all enquiries equally and is not a judgement about any particular one; it does mean our quotation for this grade can take slightly longer than for the rest of the range.
07My material has darkened in storage. Is it still usable?+
Very probably. This product is air- and light-sensitive and darkens progressively from colourless or light yellow through amber towards red-brown. Colour is not a reliable indicator of assay here, so judge the material on its certificate of analysis and, if it has been held a long time, a fresh assay and moisture check. Storing under an inert headspace, cool and dark, slows the change considerably.
08What packing options are available?+
Standard packing is 220 kg drums, with ibc / iso tank available for bulk orders. Trial quantities from a single drum can usually be arranged before you commit to larger volumes.
09How long does delivery take?+
Typical lead time is two to four weeks plus transit, depending on whether the grade is ex-stock or made to order and your destination port. A firm date is confirmed in the written quotation.
10Can I get a sample before placing a bulk order?+
Yes. Pre-shipment samples and a batch certificate of analysis can be arranged so your QC team can verify the specification before committing to volume.
11How is Para Fluoro Aniline manufactured?+
4-Fluoronitrobenzene, from halogen exchange on 4-chloronitrobenzene. Halex fluorination then catalytic hydrogenation (the industrial route) is the usual industrial reduction, followed by washing and distillation or recrystallisation before packing.
12What is the shelf life, and how should it be stored?+
Typical shelf life is around 24 months in original, unopened packaging stored as described in the storage section of this page. If a batch is held beyond its shelf life, we recommend re-checking assay and moisture before use.
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