Para Nitro Chloro Benzene
A chlorinated nitroaromatic intermediate supplied by Chelora Chemicals as the dominant para isomer from chlorobenzene nitration — the principal feedstock for p-nitrophenol, p-nitroaniline and parathion-class chemistry — exported from Indonesia with full batch documentation on every shipment.
What Para Nitro Chloro Benzene is, and why buyers source it
A working overview of the compound's chemistry, how the para isomer dominates chlorobenzene nitration, and the grades Chelora Chemicals keeps in regular supply.
Para Nitro Chloro Benzene (4-chloronitrobenzene) is a benzene ring carrying a chlorine and a nitro group in the 1,4 (para) relationship. It is the major isomer formed when chlorobenzene is nitrated: chlorine is a weak ortho/para director, and sterically the para position is the more accessible of the two, so nitration of chlorobenzene gives a mixture in which the para isomer typically outweighs the ortho isomer by roughly two to one, with only a trace of the meta isomer forming alongside them.
At room temperature it is a yellow crystalline solid with a faintly sweet odour. It is only slightly soluble in water but dissolves readily in common organic solvents, and like other nitroaromatics is handled as a toxic material under full MSDS guidance rather than a benign commodity solid.
Where it fits in the synthesis chain
The single largest downstream use of this material, by volume, is hydrolysis of the activated chlorine to give p-nitrophenol, itself a precursor to paracetamol (acetaminophen) and to the organophosphate insecticide parathion. A smaller share is reduced at the nitro group instead to give p-nitroaniline, a dye and pigment intermediate, and to p-phenylenediamine chemistry further downstream. Both routes are represented in the applications and reaction-chemistry sections below.
Grades we supply
Chelora Chemicals offers Para Nitro Chloro Benzene in technical grade (≈98% assay) for standard industrial synthesis, and high-purity grade (99%+) for applications sensitive to isomeric (ortho-chloronitrobenzene) carryover. Both grades are supplied with a batch-wise certificate of analysis.
How Para Nitro Chloro Benzene is made
An overview of the production route for orientation purposes. Our manufacturing partners' own process parameters and in-process controls are proprietary and are not disclosed beyond what is needed to interpret the certificate of analysis.
Para Nitro Chloro Benzene is manufactured by the direct nitration of chlorobenzene with a mixed nitric/sulfuric acid system, run under controlled, moderate temperature. Because chlorine is a weak ortho/para director with a steric preference for the less-hindered para position, the reaction gives a mixture typically reported as roughly 63–65% para isomer, 34–36% ortho isomer, and about 1% meta isomer.
The two major isomers are separated by fractional distillation and crystallisation after the crude nitration mixture is washed free of residual acid, exploiting the para isomer's notably higher melting point relative to the ortho isomer. This separation step is the main process control point distinguishing a clean para-isomer cut from one carrying meaningful ortho-isomer contamination.
Why isomer separation matters to buyers
Because the ortho and para isomers come from the same nitration step and have overlapping solubility behaviour, the quality of the downstream crystallisation is what determines whether a batch sold as “para nitro chloro benzene” is isomerically clean enough for sensitive p-nitrophenol or pharmaceutical-intermediate synthesis, or only suitable for less isomer-sensitive uses.
Industries and processes that use it
Para Nitro Chloro Benzene is consumed mainly as a feedstock for p-nitrophenol and p-nitroaniline chemistry, with further volumes going into rubber and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis. The fields below account for most of the global demand we see through our export desk.
p-Nitrophenol & Paracetamol Chain
Hydrolysis of the activated chlorine gives p-nitrophenol, a precursor to paracetamol (acetaminophen) and to phenacetin.
Parathion-Class Agrochemical Intermediate
p-Nitrophenol derived from this material is also a key intermediate in the manufacture of parathion-class organophosphate insecticides.
Dye & Pigment Intermediate (p-Nitroaniline Route)
Reduction of the nitro group gives p-nitroaniline, an important dye and pigment intermediate in its own right.
Rubber Chemical Intermediates
A precursor, via further derivatisation of its reduction products, to several rubber-chemical and antioxidant intermediates.
How the molecule is typically carried forward
The nitro-activated chlorine and the nitro group itself are the two reactive handles, and which one is used determines the downstream product. Reaction classes below account for most of the ways Para Nitro Chloro Benzene is converted into a finished intermediate.
Hydrolysis to p-Nitrophenol
The chlorine, activated toward nucleophilic aromatic substitution by the para-nitro group, is displaced by hydroxide under alkaline hydrolysis conditions to give p-nitrophenol, the single largest downstream use of this material.
Reduction to p-Nitroaniline
Selective catalytic or chemical reduction targets the nitro group while the chlorine, far less reactive under reducing conditions, is generally preserved, giving p-nitroaniline.
Reduction to 4-Chloroaniline
Full reduction of the nitro group under hydrogenation conditions gives 4-chloroaniline, a building block for further dye and pharmaceutical intermediate chemistry.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution, General
Beyond hydroxide, the activated chlorine can be displaced by other nucleophiles such as alkoxides or amines under comparable SNAr conditions.
Para Nitro Chloro Benzene against other nitroaromatic building blocks we supply
Buyers sourcing para nitro chloro benzene often need the ortho isomer for a different process, or Nitrobenzene itself for a parallel step. A quick reference to what else is on our regular supply list.
| Product | CAS Number | Category | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Para Nitro Chloro Benzene | 100-00-5 | Mono-chloro mono-nitro aromatic | The product on this page — the dominant isomer from chlorobenzene nitration. |
| Ortho Nitrochlorobenzene | 88-73-3 | Mono-chloro mono-nitro aromatic | The minor isomer from the same chlorobenzene nitration — see its product page. |
| Meta Nitrochlorobenzene | 121-73-3 | Mono-chloro mono-nitro aromatic | Made from nitrobenzene chlorination (meta-directed) — see its product page. |
| Nitrobenzene | 98-95-3 | Mono-nitro aromatic | The foundational nitroaromatic building block in our range — see its product page. |
Exact physical constants and purity specifications are confirmed per batch on the certificate of analysis — treat the notes above as a sourcing guide, not a specification sheet, for products other than Para Nitro Chloro Benzene.
Safety classification at a glance
Based on GHS classification as commonly listed for this substance. This is a summary for orientation only — always work from the current safety data sheet supplied with your specific batch.
Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled.
Suspected of causing genetic defects.
Suspected of causing cancer.
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.
As with other nitroaromatics, overexposure is associated with methaemoglobinaemia; cyanosis, headache or dizziness after exposure needs prompt medical attention.
Impervious gloves, splash-proof eye protection and suitable respiratory protection are the baseline for routine handling.
Danger — GHS06 acute toxicity and GHS08 health hazard pictograms apply.
This compound is acutely toxic by all three exposure routes, suspected of causing genetic defects and cancer, and can cause organ damage on repeated exposure; it must be handled with impervious gloves, full eye/face protection and suitable respiratory protection at all times, avoiding any skin contact. Full first-aid, storage, spill and PPE guidance is in the MSDS issued with every shipment, and should be read in full before this material is handled.
Keeping it on spec between delivery and use
General storage guidance for this grade. Site-specific storage rules, segregation requirements and re-test intervals should follow your own EHS procedures and the MSDS issued with your batch.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and ignition sources, in tightly closed original packaging, segregated from strong oxidizing and strong reducing materials. If a batch is held past its retest date, re-check assay, melting point and isomer content before use.
How it ships from Indonesia
Standard packing and export terms for this product. Confirm exact figures against your order — they vary slightly by destination and quantity.
What travels with every batch
Specification is agreed before the purchase order, not discovered on arrival. Every shipment of Para Nitro Chloro Benzene leaves with a documented, checkable paper trail.
Certificate of Analysis
Batch-wise assay (by GC), melting point range, isomer content and colour, issued against the agreed specification so your QC team can check it, not just file it.
Safety Data Sheet
GHS-format SDS in English covering hazard classification, handling, storage, first-aid and spill response for the exact grade shipped.
Technical Data Sheet
Reference physical and chemical properties, recommended storage and typical applications, for internal circulation to your process or R&D teams.
Certificate of Origin
Confirms Indonesian origin for customs clearance and any preferential-duty claim at your destination port.
Dangerous Goods Declaration
UN packing group, classification and shipper's declaration prepared ahead of loading so documentation never holds up customs.
Third-Party Inspection
Independent pre-shipment inspection and re-sampling can be arranged on request, at your cost, for buyers who require it as a matter of policy.
Frequently asked questions
What buyers most often ask our sales desk about this grade.
01What is Para Nitro Chloro Benzene used for?+
02What is the CAS number of Para Nitro Chloro Benzene?+
03How is Para Nitro Chloro Benzene made?+
04What purity grades does Chelora Chemicals supply?+
05Is Para Nitro Chloro Benzene hazardous?+
06How is this different from Ortho Nitrochlorobenzene?+
07What packing options are available?+
08How long does delivery take?+
09Can I get a sample before placing a bulk order?+
10Do you supply other nitroaromatic building blocks?+
Need Para Nitro Chloro Benzene on spec, on time?
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